| 1. | Every level of the federal courts has the power to interpret the federal constitution and federal laws and regulations
各个级别的联邦法院都有权解释联邦宪法和联邦法律法规。
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| 2. | The federal constitution is the main basis to protect college teachers ' and students ' right
因此，联邦宪法是适用于高等教育的最重要的法源，也是美国大学教师和学生权利保护的主要依据。
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| 3. | Checks were built into the state and federal constitutions to keep the branches of government from joining powers and becoming a source of tyranny
制衡机制在洲和联邦机构内部建立起来以防止政府各部门的权力联合而导致专制。
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| 4. | This dissertation reviews and studies the long continuance of the u . s . federal constitution . this dissertation mainly contains three parts
本文是对美国《联邦宪法》长久存续这一事实所作的考察性研究，文章主要分为两大部分：第一大部分即文章序言。
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| 5. | The author of this dissertation tries to help people get a deeper understanding of the u . s , federal constitution and to obtain a balanced insight into the u . s . federal constitution and its development history
作者希望本文能有助于人们获得对美国《联邦宪法》更深的理解和对美国宪政及其历史更加均衡的认识。
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| 6. | Judicial review system means the united states courts , especially the supreme court has the authority to examine whether the federal or state legislation or constitution of each state is in accordance with the federal constitution
摘要司法审查制即美国法院特别是联邦最高法院有权审查联邦和各州的立法是否符合联邦宪法的制度。
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| 7. | At the same time , the author believes that the dissertation will more fully show its real academic value as a necessary part of a larger task , making an overall and deeper research to the continuanec of the u . s . federal constitution
同时，我认为本文作为一个更大课题? ?全面、深入地研究美国《联邦宪法》的存续性? ?的必要组成部分将更充分地显示出其学术价值。
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| 8. | The first parts , the introduction of the dissertation , mainly illustrates the academic value in researching on the long continuance of the u . s . federal constitution so as to set up the research worthiness of the dissertation topic
重点阐发美国《联邦宪法》长久存续这一事实具有重大理论价值之可能性，从而确立本论文课题的研究价值。第二大部分即文章的“一，美国《联邦宪法》的变与不变” 。
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| 9. | In this part , the dissertation detailedly makes a historical survey to the long existence of the u . s . federal constitution and studies how it endures and survives the impacts of the major historical events and maintains its stability and its continuance
在这一部分里文章用比较大的篇幅对美国《联邦宪法》之长久存续进行了纵向的历史考察，即考察它是如何存续的，亦即考察它是如何经受住重大历史考验而维持自身稳定延续的。
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| 10. | The third part , the " ii " part of the dissertation - - - - - - the major historical challenges for the u . s . federal constitution , surveys the four major challenges that the constitution experienced : ( i ) the initial formation of the u . s . constitutional system ; ( ii ) the most dangerous constitutional crisis - - - - - - the civil war : ( iii ) the absorption the biggest new element in constitutional system - - - - - - party politics ; ( iv ) the modern challenge - - - - - - the expansion of the power of the federal government and the inflation of the presidential power
第三大部分即文章的“二、美国《联邦宪法》所经历的重大历史考验” ，对《联邦宪法》在其历史中所经受的四大历史考验分别进行了考察： (一)美国宪政制度的最初定形， (二)最重大的宪政危机? ? “内战” ， (三)新的最大宪政要素的吸呐? ?政党政治， (四)现代挑战? ?联邦政府权力的扩张和总统权力的膨胀。
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